Water Scarcity In South Africa Essays

Scarcity of safe water makes people use waste water for irrigation.Researchers argue that throughout Africa, there is twenty times more underground water than volume of surface water.Scarcity of water makes many children in this region drop out of school to help in household chores which are made more intense by lack of water.United Nations should look for ways to deal with water scarcity and amicable ways of resolving political instabilities resulting from water stress.Safe drinking water is defined by World health Organization, United Nations Children’s Fund and Joint Monitoring Program for Water Supply and Sanitation as water that has microbial, physical and chemical characteristics that meet the guidelines of National standard on qua...

Water scarcity in these regions is not necessarily caused by a physical lack of water.To ensure sustainability, steps should be taken to ensure that water is used in such a manner as it does not reduce the potential for the future generation to have access to quality water.Literally much of the region is primarily considered to suffer from economic water scarcity, which means that investments in water resources and appropriate human capacities are not substantial enough to meet water demands of the population (IFPRI 2013).Clean water is the water that is safe enough to be consumed by humans with low risk of immediate or long term harm (Wikipedia 2014).In Africa south of the Sahara, where agriculture is predominantly rain-fed (that is, it...

For instance, The United Nations is running a plan called The “WATER FOR LIFE DECADE”; the aim of this plan is to help some places where lack of water to face the challenges of water scarcity (FAO 2006).In the meantime, research also found out the some poverty areas usually has the problem of water scarcity, especially Africa (Barker, R et al 2000).Although water scarcity is an issue which needs to be solved quickly but, water scarcity is not easy to be reduced and when the project failed, it may cause more problems can make problems worse than before.Another difficulty to reduce water scarcity is technique problem.Another method to reduce water scarcity is the national government makes a national policy to limit the use of water.

On a planet that is 75% water, the term “water scarcity” seems a ridiculous misnomer.If disaster is to be averted for the billions who face the impending crisis of water scarcity, humans must find a third way; rather than move water or move people, the human relationship to water needs to be re-conceptualized to ensure global water security.Regulations affecting water use in appliances and incentives to shift from irrigated lawns to ‘water smart’ landscapes are examples.”  Unfortunately, outside of Obama’s single speech, both political parties have been relatively silent on water scarcity outside the United States.The relationship between humans and water has evolved over time, but it has never deviated from two primary forms: humans hav...

Since the water resources are limited in some developing countries and water scarcity is directly linked with the arid climate.All people must be given the access to the water for their requirements in these arid areas and benefit them from the use of these water sources.4.2 Aquifer Storage: The process of Sand Water Storage is the indigenous where infiltration causes the movements of the underlying ground water.4.3 Water Harvesting: There is another method of water provision that describes the collection and concentration of various runoff forms.There is requirement of the aquifer storage which stores the water in subsurface instead of the water at the surfaces.

However, wars over river water are likely only under a narrow set of circumstances, as there are also more examples of water cooperation than water conflict among countries.Under special circumstances it is a possibility that scarcity of fresh water resources may give rise to serious armed conflict.The International Water Management Institute in Colombo projects that in 2025, 3 billion people will be living in countries facing water stress.Faced with such scarcity, water has increasingly become a source of social tension, bringing further competition and creating conflict which, together, have the potential to destroy the existing arrangements for water distribution.Water scarcity is particularly severe in Asia, Africa and the Middle Eas...

This scenario happened in Darfur, and may occur in more than one place in Africa as long as drought is existent (Brown, 2006).Temperature has increased in the last century by an average of 0.7°C in Africa (Ogodo, 2006, p1).As a result of this increase, there are more than 900 million hungry people in Africa, and in less than a generation, 40% of the African wild life will be lost, and the African crops will decline by 5 % (Ogodo, 2006, p1).Usually this migration leads to conflict between indigenous people and migrants in order to obtain water and grazing land.This essay explains some causes of the drought in Africa, and suggests some promising solutions.

Further implication to overpopulation harm humans themselves, each individual added to population will consume food, water, and energy.The technology used at the beginning of this century caused higher Co2 emissions in developed and developing countries which raise the consumption rate (Mitchell 2012).Other implication is the increase in Co2 emissions by 2.5% per year which driven by annual per capita GDP and annual population growth (Mitchell 2012).This will result in inequity between people through the scarcity of resources that lead to hunger and poverty.... middle of paper ... .

Water Scarcity can be defined as the lack of access to freshwater to adequate quantities of water for human and or environmental uses.Rural areas of Kenya are left without water and urban areas aren’t much better off, as Kenya’s unfortunate bankrupt government does not have the necessary funds to run certain water cleaning systems and the current systems remain in disrepair.Background of the Research: A. Africa is fundamentally a semi-arid and water scarce country in which only receives nine percent of its water being converted to runoff.Kenya’s natural water resources also do not provide an adequate amount of water for their entire population.“Water Scarcity: The Importance of Water & Access.” The Water Project.

So developing countries like India, China, Brazil, Africa have high illiteracy and most of the people live below poverty line .This is due to over increase in population, such vast population result in tremendous demand for shelter, food, water and sanitation facilities.These effects can be reduced by stopping release of toxic substance into the water.Due to scarcity of land many people are shifting towards the forest land, so more and more forest are cutting down for building houses and settle farm land .The remain of the trees are burnt and use as fertilizer or cattle grazing result of this the essential nutrients are washed out of the soil, which lead to soil erosion.Extensive use of water for cultivation for many years has reduced th...

Due to scarcity of rainfall, Africa, Saudi Arabia, and Australia are among the regions on our planet that have been hit by a recurring problem of water scarcity (Royal Geographical Society 2008).Moreover, the destruction of forests, the destruction of water catchments, and the pollution of fresh water sources have also played together in contributing to the reduction of water resources.Generally, a failure to employ appropriate tools to exploit water resources has greatly contributed to problem of water scarcity.The exploitation of underground water in desert areas is among the important directions that can be taken in the regions that I have mentioned so as to increase water sources.Besides, the cleaning of polluted water resources like...

Simply put, water scarcity is either the lack of enough water (quantity) or lack of access to safe water (quality).Depending on the definition of water scarcity using the various indicators, there are varying opinions on the degree and severity of water scarcity in large parts of Asia and Africa in 2025.There is broad agreement, however, that there will be significantly increasing water scarcity that will turn “water’ into a key, or the key, limiting factor in food production and livelihoods generation for poor people in rural virtually throughout rural Asia and most of Africa, with particularly severe water scarcity in the bread baskets of North-West India and Northern China.In all analyses there is already absolute or physical water sc...

Greywater is a possible alternative water source, however contrasting evidence in Morel and Diener (2006) indicates that the potential drawbacks, even though greywater is less contaminated than other waste water.Water availability in South Africa is integral to the economy, but South Africa is a water scarce nation.The challenge is to continue production of these vegetables without jeopardizing potable water supplies, but by utilizing alternate water source such as grey water as a means of irrigation.As adjustments are discussed on the efficient use of potable water, reusing waste water is seen as a possible solution.An alternate solution can be found according to Pinto (2010), where altering water regimes between grey water and potable ...

[5] Water scarcity can be a result of two mechanisms: physical (absolute) water scarcity and economic water scarcity, where physical water scarcity is a result of inadequate natural water resources to supply a region’s demand, and economic water scarcity is a result of poor management of the sufficient available water resources.[1] Water scarcity involves water stress, water shortage or deficits, and water crisis.2006 Water scarcity is the lack of sufficient available water resources to meet the demands of water usage within a region.Physical water scarcity and economic water scarcity by country.Symptoms of economic water scarcity include a lack of infrastructure, causing the people without reliable access to water to have to travel long...

At the World Water Day event, Margaret (2012) the World Health Organization (WHO) Director-General said that: “Globally scarcity of water had already affected 4 out of every 10 people”.When the demand for clean water of fauna and flora increase, the amount of water exist in their habitats will be no longer enough so they will die.“It is an idea favoured by the government – which is optimistic that water meters can reduce the average water usage per person from 150 liters to 130 liters per day by 2030 – and supported by the EA, which says homes with meters use 10-15% less on average than those without them”.There are three main causes of clean water scarcity in the world: the weakness in industrial wastewater management that cause water p...

Over the years, there have been climatic changes around Africa`s due to human activities that have resulted in a reduced water supply and around the word.Water scarcity has often forced those living in water deprived regions to turn to unsafe water resources that contribute to typhoid fever, cholera, and diarrhoea; this water shortage causes numerous individuals to store water inside the house.Health, The most immediate impact of water scarcity in Africa, is in the continent 's health.Infants are especially susceptible to these diseases because of their young immune systems that can hardly fight bacteria leading to death, an elevated infant mortality rates in many regions of Africa.Water storage in the house or rather in conditions its l...

Physical and economical water scarcities are done and when this continues there would be insufficient fresh water for people.Lack of fresh water also means less water to plant the crops causing the food supply to decrease that result to constant huger.Example of a countries suffering from water scarcity is mostly from the Africa.Water scarcity can be a result of two mechanisms, physical and economic water scarcity.When fresh water is not available to the people, they get disease from drinking contaminated water and in fact, 3.1 million people die each year from water related disease.

In regions with arid climate (Central Asia, the Mediterranean, South Africa, Australia, etc.), the situation will be further aggravated by the reduction of rainfall.They found traces of warming during the study of tropical cyclones in the Pacific Ocean, unusually high summer temperatures in Europe, China, South Korea, and Argentina, as well as forest fires in the US state of California.This is really a terrible threat, and everyone should start with himself to deal with it together.Another important consequence of climate change may be a shortage of drinking water.

In the survey titled “Climate Change, Water and Food Security”, climate change will reduce the amount of water in river run-offs and aquifer rechargers in the Mediterranean and semi-arid areas of the Americas, Australia and Southern Africa.Drip irrigation and water sprinklers are effective.But this does not mean that it does not face any problems regarding food supply and water scarcity.This will make them realise the threat and motivate them to take steps in conserving water and food.One key area requires countries to implement improve and maintain water accounts, which involves collecting data on amount of water used, transferred, etc.

UN World Water Development Report 2, New York: UN.The possibility of technological innovation based solutions might not even be considered as increased scarcity often gives birth to competitive action by powerful elite groups and narrow social coalitions to defend their interests or to profit from the scarcity through “rent-seeking” behavior (Barbier& Homer-Dixon, 1999).From Lopez-Gun and Llamas point of view thanks to virtual water, many water scarce countries have avoided a water crisis, particularly in politically unstable regions like North Africa and the Middle East.This issue exists all over the world but is most apparent in countries like Pakistan where due to lack of water management systems, a lot of water is lost in transit...

Globally and on an annual basis, sufficient fresh water is available to meet this demand, but spatial and temporal analyzes of water demand and availability are important, this which results in (physical) water scarcity in many parts of the world during specific times of the year.These measures will not only preserve the biota, but also make more efficient the natural flushing and transport of the water cycle which makes water systems healthier for humans.The UN estimates that by 2025, 25 African countries are expected to suffer from water scarcity or water stress.Water scarcity or water stress is a situation in which the demand for water exceeds the available water resources in a specific geographic area.In several regions of the world,...

In the northern region of Africa there is the Sahara desert.Some parts of Africa, which has very, little fuel wood is led up because of too much deforestation.And also near the southern areas of Africa there is Fuel wood scarcity because of other little deserts.There is very little rainfall, which results in the scarcity of wood for fuel.In many cases through out Africa, which has low fuel, wood resources there are a lot of sandstorms.

1.0Introduction This report is about the increase in demand for water, and its’ purpose is a twofold, firstly to examine and explore some of the causes of the ever increasing issue of the scarcity of water due to industrial, agricultural and consumer demand in society, and secondly to analyse the solutions of this concern for the Premier of Western Australia, Mr Colin Barnett.Agriculture consumes the majority of global fresh water, making it one of the most enormous water sources of the increased water demand; the production of food is also rising due to population growth, of about 80 million people per year (Holbrook 2009).5.0Recommendations In order to improve water use in Australia, the factors that need to be considered are; water re...

In so doing, many South Korean chaebols and commercial banks were dependent on short-term loans as their preferred type of foreign loans, so they had a shortage of liquidity under the decreasing value of the South Korean currency during the financial crisis.China also needs to follow a South Korean example of liberalization, but needs to take heed to the domestic liberalization as well and avoid a financial crisis that South Korea experienced.The liberalization of South Korea was a policy pushed forward by the United States that initially caused the South Korean markets to collapse, but ultimately displayed a benefit to the global economy of all trading partners involved with South Korean markets.(Kwon 2004, 74)  If South Korea maintaine...

Taylor and Francis, Ltd. (1993) .There have been four theories that various historians support for the causes and history of the Mfecane movement in South Africa....istory of South Africa’, African Affairs (1916) .B. Paradigm Deleted: The Materialist Interpretation of the Mfecane.Canadian Association of African studies (1989).

By millions, "300 of the 800 million people in sub-Saharan Africa live in a water scarce environment" (UN).Lack of water is increasing worldwide, but Africa is currently affected the most.Other groups install water pumps in wells.And most won’t get the life giving water in the near future.Africa's water crisis is not solely based on the scarcity, but also the contamination of water and what actions can be taken towards the dilemma.

These are some of the dangers that Egypt must come to terms with; whether it is worth the economic gain to use its current 80% of water for its agricultural sector or use the water to ensure that all its citizens are provided with adequate water.Not only is this a huge danger for the state of the entire water source of Egypt, it also poses a huge risk to the population of Egypt which already is facing water scarcity.In Egypt alone, water levels in the Nile River have declined by nearly 200 feet because of increased water use, causing increased withdrawals from the Nubian Sandstone aquifer.The International Water Management Institute estimated in 2010 that by 2025, Egypt and Libya will suffer from physical water scarcity where the water u...

If there is water scarcity, almost all resources will be affected.In some parts of the world, such as Africa, water scarcity is very prevalent (Arriens, 2007).The effects of the pollution of the water, the seas and rivers, the air and the noise pollution that are felt world wide are starting to cause serious trouble to man’s daily existence.Lack of water will also deprive man to cultivate the soil and plant fruits, vegetables and rich thus there will be food shortage.Man needs to protect and preserve the blessings of nature in order to live longer and enjoy life better.

Examples of such include Global Volunteer Network, Cross-Cultural Solutions, Conserve Africa, Africa Guide, Action for Agricultural Renewal in Maharashtra (AFARM), Conservation Council for South Australia to mention a few.Slum conditions lack good, portable water, electricity and other basic amenities of life.In general, mineral and oil exploration contribute to water pollution (which also causes death of organisms in water), contaminated soil, e.tc.Deforestation has a resultant effect on protection of soils, the land is more exposed to adverse conditions like erosion and evaporation, also quality of water is affected by deforestation.Almost all countries of the third world can be categorized as developing, they including all African cou...

Populist measures of providing free use of electricity and water for agriculture must be weaned down and agricultural productivity must reflect efficient use of energy and water inputs.Water scarcity in Asia and Australia alone affects a fourth of the world’s population and is triggered by over-usage whereas in Africa, it is lack of adequate infrastructure that wreaks havoc.When asked why they weren’t being used for the original purpose, they attributed this to water scarcity.Water scarcity around the world has come about primarily due to quintessentially wasteful practices that have seeped into present-day agriculture which sadly mops up 80% of fresh water.Interestingly rich nations like Australia are not immune to water scarcity.