Water Scarcity In The Middle East Essays

The most cost-effective way to decouple water use from economic growth (according to the panel) would be for governments to create comprehensive water management plans that take into account the entire water cycle: from its source to its distribution, economic use, treatment and recycling, reuse and return to the environment.These measures will not only preserve the biota, but also make more efficient the natural flushing and transport of the water cycle which makes water systems healthier for humans.Only 0.014% of all water on Earth is both fresh and easily accessible (potable water), 97% of the remaining water is saline and just under 3% is difficult to access.In several regions of the world, the pressure on water is increasing, due to...

Syria, Iraq, Lebanon) have reliable sources of surface water; the majority, however, depend either on groundwater or on desalination for their water supply, both of which enable them to use water in amounts far exceeding the estimated renewable fresh water in the country.” .Another technique adding water resources is “water harvesting”.Due to high salinity sea water has to be desalinated before using as potable water.Nevertheless there are possibilities as for example the catchments of winter flood water which can also add some amount to the water resources.Gaining potable water through desalination is already a great source of water supply for many countries as Saudi Arabia but it is constraint by its high cost.

Water scarcity forces people to rely on unsafe sources of drinking water.Water scarcity encourages people to store water in their homes.Water scarcity underscores the need for better water management.(MDG Assessment Report 2008) p. 25^ Updated Numbers: WHO-UNICEF JMP Report 2008^ Water is Life – Groundwater drawdown^ WaterPartners International: Learn about the Water Crisis^ All About: Water and Health, CNN, December 18, 2007^ Water, a shared responsibility.United Nations statement on water crisis^ UN World Summit on Sustainable Development addresses the water crisis^ “No global water crisis – but many developing countries will face water scarcity”, FAO.org 12 March 2003^ Freshwater: lifeblood of the planet^ Björn Lomborg (2001), The Ske...

In more immediate terms, water pricing will have two primary opponents: those that fear being unable to afford water (the world’s poor) and those that use immense quantities of water (agricultural producers).Water Scarcity in the Middle East : Regional Cooperation as a Mechanism toward Peace : Hearing before the Committee on International Relations, House of Representatives, One Hundred Eighth Congress, Second Session, May 5, 2004 .[21] For a more scientific discussion and study of water pricing and its effects on water usage, see: Margriet Caswell, Erik Lichtenberg, and David Zilberman, “The Effects of Pricing Policies on Water Conservation and Drainage,” .If disaster is to be averted for the billions who face the impending cris...

Here (Africa), unless the water scarcity problem is addressed, the level of water supply is projected to fall below 1000 cubic meters per person per year in at least eleven countries by the year 2025 (Issar 2006).Business Council f Australia, 2011, Water under pressure, Business Council of Australia Press, Sydney Chartres, C., 2006, “Can Australia overcome its water scarcity problems?” Journal of Developments in Sustainable Agriculture, Vol.Besides, the cleaning of polluted water resources like rivers, and the preservation of water catchments areas would also help in availing more water resources to man (Business Council of Australia 2011).Due to scarcity of rainfall, Africa, Saudi Arabia, and Australia are among the regions on our plane...

(Saikat, 2010) One would question the natural water resources within the UAE but the truth is it lies in the middle of a desert and has access to water through expensively constructed desalination plants.If the fee is implemented, people will continue to demand water because of two reasons: their inability to acquire water from elsewhere and their inability to live without water.Al Mubarak: The Issue of Water Scarcity and Water Security is Only Getting More Urgent.Also, until all the undergoing projects are not completed and the availability of water is not ensured by the government: the threat of water ending in the next 50 years is not removed, the government should install meters at all the consumer points to keep a check on the amoun...

First, in an interstate conflict, the deliberate targeting of water storage facilities may be directly responsible for inducing water scarcity or reducing the water quality of the opponent.The scarcity of water is increasing worldwide and the quality of the water is continually deteriorating.Thus, water scarcity becomes part of a military strategy and military behavior.Faced with such scarcity, water has increasingly become a source of social tension, bringing further competition and creating conflict which, together, have the potential to destroy the existing arrangements for water distribution.However, wars over river water are likely only under a narrow set of circumstances, as there are also more examples of water cooperation than wa...

Nevertheless, the Mesopotamian agricultural activity knew many problems such as flooding of water coming from the melting of snows in summer from the Turkish mountains according to the web page historylink.com and an unpredictable water flood from its two principle rivers respectively the Euphrates and Tigris according to the article of Louis and Jenifer posted on best.berkley.edu.Mesopotamia was totally dependent on irrigation and its two big rivers because of the scarcity of rains and the article wrote and posted by Larry Mays on the site Water Encyclopedia says: “Irrigation was extremely vital to Mesopotamia (Mays, “Ancient Irrigation systems,” waterencyclopedia.com)”.In Fact, irrigation is the fact to bring additional water supply to...

In places like the Middle East and Africa, particularly Eritea where there has been an experienced drought and food crisis since 2005 (news24, 2005), there is a higher demand for water to sustain the people there because their areas are mostly desert and land, there are only few water sources to provide for their needs as compared with countries that are surrounded by bodies of water, many of which are found in Southeast Asia.Factory waste water in developing countries are released to to surface water causing water pollution and decrease in the available water necessary for human consumption.Aside from food and water scarcity, the world is also likely to face a depletion of the ecosystem, drought and many other diseases caused by the nee...

The diagram above shows that the Middle East (especially Saudi Arabia, Iraq and Syria) has a very high stress for water availability.Subsidence is already occurring in western Saudi Arabia due to over abstraction of groundwaterand that the majority of the water supplies are retrieved from non-renewable water with only a small percentage coming from internally renewable sources.Economies are diversifying away from the old crude oil industry into new sectors such as tourism; but even those are being put under threat as water availability decreases causing a whole sequence of underlying social and economic problems.The country is now abstracting from “underground supplies in its east province reducing the agriculture and water availability ...

A recommendation report for water provision in a seaside tourist complex.Global Water Issues , 202-206.Global Water Issues .Situation The situation in Egypt is evident because the country is specifically vulnerable to climatic changes that affect its dependence on River Nile as its primary water source.The problem in this region accrues from the fact that Egypt is located in the Middle East which is a semi-arid area (Weight, 2009, Appendix 4).This fact is worsened by its ever increasing population of about 200 million people, raising the demand for water to even greater levels.

The possibility of technological innovation based solutions might not even be considered as increased scarcity often gives birth to competitive action by powerful elite groups and narrow social coalitions to defend their interests or to profit from the scarcity through “rent-seeking” behavior (Barbier& Homer-Dixon, 1999).Furthermore, this regulatory body should conduct research to evaluate which areas need what amount of water and subsequently make sure that the right amount reaches the right areas, in turn eliminating the concerns with water supply through proper management.Any resource crisis that does occur, its impact will be felt first and foremost by the poorest sectors of the population, for instance should a water crisis occ...

Toxic brew of pesticides, nitrogen fertilizers, industrial chemicals, and heavy metals is fouling water everywhere, and that the damage is often worst in the very places where people most need water.They attempt to make water reservoirs like dams and barrages to control the flow of water down stream and to fully utilize the river water and make it sure that not a single drop of water wastes.Water scarcity has become a greater concern at present as people were facing shortage of water.(Hinrichsen & Tacio, 2001) In the coming years, population of world grows rapidly and the per capita consumption of water in coming years shrinks the world’s water resources, as a result the demand for water exceeds more than reserves to provide it.(Mide...

The United Nations World Water Development Report, 3: Water in a Changing World.Therefore, recycled water is a sustainable and eco-friendly method to supply good quality fresh water.Integrated Concepts in Water Reuse: Managing Global Water .Since there is abundant sea water around Saudi Arabia, large-scale desalination could be the ideal solution to water scarcity.Recycling water can maximise the use of rainfall and other current water resources so that the limited underground water resources can be conserved (Miller, 2005).

Recently, various pressures such as water shortages and demand, population increase among others are increasing the need for water in most poor countries.Water disputes have become a major issue in the Middle East to an extent the government has called for peace talks.Water in the middle East potential for conflicts and prospects for cooperation.Water just like other known and common factors can cause rivalry due to its scarcity, extent of supply from one state or region to another, basin states’ relative powers as well as ease of access to other alternative freshwater sources among others.Competition for fresh water is not new in Middle East, as people have been fighting over water issues for many years.

In addition, water crisis can cause the water pollution to decrease rapidly because people will start to appreciate water and they do not want to suffer from water shortage again.The first subtopic is about the definition of scarcity and the number of usage of water for Malaysia compare with other country.In this subtopic, we are going to discuss about the problem that faced by the society such as lack of water for personal consumption; Malaysia suffer from malnutrition, dehydration when undergoes scarcity of water.The topic for my report is the scarcity of water in Malaysia.In this case, the Malaysian government increases the budget to help to resolve the water shortage problem in Selangor; Malaysian government has also delay a project ...

When taking into account the water needs of ecosystems, then there are considerable parts of Europe, North America, part of South-West Australia, and part of South America that already face considerable water scarcity, particularly where irrigated agriculture and ecosystems compete for water resources.There is broad agreement, however, that there will be significantly increasing water scarcity that will turn “water’ into a key, or the key, limiting factor in food production and livelihoods generation for poor people in rural virtually throughout rural Asia and most of Africa, with particularly severe water scarcity in the bread baskets of North-West India and Northern China.Simply put, water scarcity is either the lack of enough water (q...

Scarcity of water makes many children in this region drop out of school to help in household chores which are made more intense by lack of water.Scarcity of safe water makes people use waste water for irrigation.United Nations should look for ways to deal with water scarcity and amicable ways of resolving political instabilities resulting from water stress.Scarcity of safe water forces people to respond by storing water in their households.It is said that a threshold of less than 1,000 cubic meters of water represent water scarcity and below 500 cubic meters of water represent a state of absolute scarcity.

They are mainly caused by scarcity of water and inability of peace agreement between countries among water issues.Agriculture is heavily dependent on water withdrawal, and water deficit will bring disastrous impact to irrigated agriculture.And it is mentioned previously, they are all experiencing water shortage at present as their water tables in irrigated areas are falling annually.A similar attack on East Ghor Canal took place in 1969 because Israel suspected that Jordan was diverting excess amount of water.One way of doing this is to extract more water from original water resources.

Despite slowing growth, world population still gains nearly 80 million people each year, parceling land, fresh water, and other finite resources among more people.While 25 countries currently experience either water stress or scarcity, between 36 and 40 countries are projected to face similar conditions by 2025 Ocean fisheries are being overexploited, and fish catches are down due to high population densities and urban development.The problem is worse than it often appears on the ground, because much of the fresh water now used in water-scarce regions comes from deep aquifers that are not being refreshed by the natural water cycle.Currently, 434 million people face either water stress or scarcity.In most of the countries where water shor...

The available surface and ground water is very less to fulfill the growing demand of the population.The population of developing countries is gradually increasing, but demand for the cultivation of crop is not increasing in the same way, which is due to scarcity of land and infertile soil.Water: – Another important issue in developing nation is scarcity of water.Due to scarcity of land many people are shifting towards the forest land, so more and more forest are cutting down for building houses and settle farm land .The remain of the trees are burnt and use as fertilizer or cattle grazing result of this the essential nutrients are washed out of the soil, which lead to soil erosion.Extensive use of water for cultivation for many years has...

Lack of effective coordination and cooperation among water agencies has led to fragmented water resource institutions which prevent effective management of water resources.Rozelle, Huang and Zhang (1997) explain that people face water shortages do not have enough water to meet their daily needs, while water degradation causes a decrease in the quality of people’s lives.The Middle East region is primarily relying on agriculture, water is a highly scare resource in this region and there have been conflicts over the ownership and use of water resources.And the main cause of water degradation is water pollution caused by chemicals which are difficult to biodegrade.Over the past decades, China’s water resource management, unfortunately, has b...

For example in the Middle East where religion can end up playing a big role in the motivation of armed conflict which will be common to the struggles of primitive tribes than the large-scale conventional war.In future we are likely to see multi-ethnic societies like America getting weaker or fragile than homogeneous societies like Japan and Germany, this is because such nation-state societies tend to be built around mass-conscription army and a standardized public school system,with an all volunteer army operating in a culture in which the international media and the entertainment industry tends to have more influence than political issues.This means that nation-state countries like America everyone is educated along similar lines and ev...

This will make them realise the threat and motivate them to take steps in conserving water and food.It directly influences the weather and amount of potable water thereby causing water scarcity and crop failures which eventually leads to food shortages.In the survey titled “Climate Change, Water and Food Security”, climate change will reduce the amount of water in river run-offs and aquifer rechargers in the Mediterranean and semi-arid areas of the Americas, Australia and Southern Africa.There is an unquestionable need for us to save water and stop lavishly frivolling away with food.Due to water scarcity, farmers tend to pull out more water from the ground thereby depleting the ground water resources and destroying the water table.

The micro dams can provide water for irrigation, water for cattle and might even provide water for fishing purposes (ibid).In the areas where there is scarcity of water, usually in developing countries the micro dams can provide water for domestic purposes (ibid).The arid areas such as Middle East is using water desalination method in order fulfil the demand of fresh water (Fritzman et.al, 2006).Furthermore, this report will look at the dams as large scale water management technique and water desalination and use of ground water as small scale water management techniques.As it already predicted by Fritzman et.al (2006) that the water desalination method would be the fastest growing method of providing fresh water, the developing nations ...

Akhtar (n.d.) explains that that the Indus Water Treaty was devised to find a solution that was not driven by legal principles, but instead by principles of water engineering and economics.Water politics refers to the political strategy or diplomacy majorly affected by water availability and growing demand of water.They assert in the book that hydro politics is emerging as a specific discipline, largely as a result of the increased awareness of water scarcity and erratic supply due to rapid population growth, urbanization and unsustainable water consumption practices.This article would help researcher to analyze how erratic water supply lead to inter-provincial as well as external water issues in Pakistan.Mustafa (2010) explains that the...

Globalization, Water and Health: Resource Management in Times of Scarcity.Scarcity caused by globalization and prosperity has caused the country to resort to drastic measures in order to secure the position China currently presides.Scarcity is another element of globalization that usually is a symptom of further global economic development.Because 90% of trade is commenced by water, “China currently has 1,430 ports and 34,000 docking berths, with a fleet of 210,000 inland and oceangoing vessels capable of handling more than 86 million tons of cargo.” (Sharma 2006, 222)  China’s investment in port enhancements and enlargement has caused China to create the largest port in the world.In many nations the amount of water and food has begun to...

Ground water = pollution less obvious than surface water –> aquifers become polluted, feed surface water = Salinisation due to over abstraction.Sell water to others leads to economic scarcity!Chopping down trees could mean larger surface area for run of, water scarcity takes place.* 2.5% not salty but unreachable (in glaciers and ice caps) Fresh water – 20% in remote areas and rest comes as flood water.Water washed diseases: = Scarce water (drinking and cooking) 1st demand .

Most consumers prefer the brand due to its maintenance being economical in long run, being a good proposition if it’s just filtration, is the most cost-efficient water filter giving micro-clustered water, product filters being used for ultrafiltration ensuring clean and safe water, a Singapore Brand being simply good and cheap.The S$200 million plant was completed in September 2005, and supplies some 136,380 m3/day of desalinated water to meet approximately 10 percent of Singapore’s water needs.Providing an integrated water management and environmental solutions, it engages in the desalination of seawater, purification of raw water, cleaning of wastewater, recycling and reclamation of water, and production of ultra pure water for municip...

Traditional methods of water supply are likely to be inadequate especially in arid regions with severe water scarcity.If an arid region is short of sufficient water resources but with the strong economic capability, it should own a large scale of the water transfer project as it may meet the huge industry and agriculture demand.Considering sea water accounts for 97% of the total quantity of water on earth, to fulfill both the qualitative and quantitative requirements for drinking water standards, the arid areas supposed to rely mainly on desalination especially in future decades because of recent cost-cutting innovations in the desalination process.In arid regions, the large water transfer project could be a solution to fulfil urban wate...