Welfare State Northern Ireland Essays

Welfare payments were extremely low.Expenditure in health, housing and welfare was low in NI during the 20s and 30s.They also used the threat of the Irish Republican Army (IRA) to the Northern Ireland state to justify any discrimination that may have occurred.When the Northern Ireland state was established these councils refused to accept the new Parliament and declared their allegiance to Dáil Éireann.The state of Northern Ireland was due to come into existence in June 1921.

These figures represent the Northern Ireland population as a whole.William Beveridge offered the citizens of the United Kingdom “… a blueprint for social advance and a modern caring state …” which would provide for citizens “… from cradle to grave” (Randall, 2000, p. 5) which were foundations of the welfare state that Britain briefly embarked on after World War II that offered full employment, a minimum national safety net, free and equal access to health and education, and a state provision for welfare.(Health, Social Services and Public Safety, 2004) .. Further illustration that the health care system in Northern Ireland is not seemingly discriminating against individuals with a lower socioeconomic status, and or other facets of discr...

Sinn Fein’s leaders consistently deny that they are the leaders of the IRA, but many of their political opponents in Northern Ireland claimed that the 2 organisations are the same.In a top secret IRA document known as the ‘Staff Report, the IRA claimed they controlled Sinn Fein and ordered members to ‘agitate around social and economic issues which attack the welfare of the people’.He tried to reassure Unionists that Northern Ireland would remain a part of the United Kingdom, as long as the majority of the Northern Irish people wanted this.However, by 27th of May, with most of Northern Ireland in standstill, Brian Faulkner and the entire power-sharing executive resigned.Both Sinn Fein and the IRA did not believe the British government wo...

Working Together to Safeguard Children 2006 – This updates safeguarding and how agencies should work to safeguard and promote the welfare of children.Policies and procedures for safeguarding and child protection in settings for children and young people in England and Wales are the result of legislation passed in parliament, including: In England and Wales, The Children Act 1989 and the Children Act 2004/in Northern Ireland, Children (Northern Ireland) Order 1995 – These acts were brought in with the aim of simplifying the laws that protect children and young people.The Vetting and Barring Scheme – If you wish to work with children, young people or vulnerable adults you must register with The ISA (Independent Safeguarding Authority), the...

‘A fitter Future for All’ and ‘Healthy Lives, healthy people’ are policies that both the British and Northern Ireland government support, but there are wider determinants of poor health such as poverty and inequalities that play an important role in obesity (HM Government, 2010).Social and economic circumstances are also evaluated in this paper as are the role of governments and policy makers, both in the United Kingdom and Northern Ireland.(1979) ‘The Political Economy of the Welfare State’, Macmillan, Basingstoke .Within this paper it explains that in Northern Ireland 59% of adults are either overweight (36%) or obese (23%) (DHSSPSNI, 2012).The writer goes on to give examples of these conceptualisations one of which is the neoliberal p...

These attitudes have noticeably become more positive since1991 and voters are now looking to parties to present them with morewomen candidates both in the Northern Ireland Assembly and atWestminster.Attitudes in Northern Ireland towards women politician are generallyfavourable.Chapter three takes a general overview of women in Northern Ireland, commenting on how they have reacted to the traditional view and values of the Church and the State in the province.It is women who haveexperienced poverty as prisoner’s wives, as widows, as single parents,divorced, separated or unmarried, as managers of unemployed families,as single and elderly women living alone, or as low paid wage earners.As a result, women’s groups such as the Northern Ireland...

This later became a key factor in the conflict as the sidelined Irish population began agitating for their welfare in seeking for social justice.The process of cultural and social diffusion and unity through trade, intermarriage, harmonious living, migration and settlement anywhere in Ireland was disrupted partly because the British then emphasized the differences and prejudices that fostered hatred and division rather than the similarities between the people of Ireland that would promote unity and harmonious living.In an attempt to quell this scuffle and bring about peace, the British government after a decade sought to the use of her mighty military power by sending soldiers to Northern Ireland.The British implemented their colonial po...

Social interaction is one of the reason for the sectarian conflict in Northern Ireland.However, they were disappointed when the British Army turned out to be mostly Protestant and took their side with Protestant in Northern Ireland.In conclusion, social interaction is the most important reason for the sectarian conflict in Northern Ireland.I agree that the lack of social interaction is the most important reason for the sectarian conflict in Northern Ireland.There would be no cause for the British Army to remain in Northern Ireland if there was a social will to stop the conflict.

In 1987 the Northern Ireland Civil Service set up a special branch and named it ‘Central Community Relations Unit’ (CCRU) which was established in order to provide the secretary of state in Northern Ireland (N.I) with knowledge of all aspects of relationships between the diverse components of communities within N.I.However, the SEU only encompasses England as social exclusion and poverty are devolved responsibilities and Wales have ‘Building an Inclusive Wales’; Scotland have ‘Scottish Social Inclusion Strategy’; and in Northern Ireland we have ‘Targeting Social Need in Northern Ireland’ (Percy-Smith, 2003).Following the suspension of devolution in October 2002 the responsibility for the governance of Northern Ireland passed to the Secre...

It may also be interpreted as covering youth workers and health promotion workers who may be giving contraceptive advice and condoms to young people under 16, but this has not been tested in court.The psychological effect of having the decision overruled would have to be taken into account and would normally be an option only when the young person was thought likely to suffer “grave and irreversible mental or physical harm”.However, this right can be exercised only on the basis that the welfare of the young person is paramount.In Northern Ireland, although separate legislation applies, the then Department of Health and Social Services Northern Ireland stated that there was no reason to suppose that the House of Lords’ decision would not ...

Ellison, G. (2001) Young People, Crime, Policing and Victimisation in Northern Ireland.This lecture will cover the theories and practices that inform this work, with reference to research literature and the current system and policy context in Northern Ireland.The last vestiges of welfare?’ In: J. Muncie; G. Hughes & E. McLaughlin (Eds.)Campbell, C.; Devlin, R.; O’Mahony, D.; Doak, J.; Jackson, J.; Corrigan, T. & McEvoy, K. (2006) Evaluation of the Northern Ireland Youth Conference Service.Week 6: Working with young people in the criminal justice system – balancing welfare and justice?

Secretary of State for Northern Ireland: Theresa Villiers .“Census 2011 Key Statistics for Northern Ireland”.“The birth of the Irish Free State”.Experiencing lots of disputation, on 6 December 1922, the newly independent Irish Free State was built, Ireland, but Northern Ireland still was a part of UK.The local economy has seen contraction during the recent global economic downturn, and the Assembly are in discussion with the Chancellor of the Exchequer George Osborne in order to gain taxation powers, which would enable the Northern Ireland Corporation Tax rate to be reduced in line with that of the Republic of Ireland.

Ireland desired to became a “free” state, however even though part of it had its own rule, and others received what they wanted as to be under British rule, the misunderstanding and unfortunate events, such as guerrilla attacks and religious attacks, turned the wish to fulfil the establishment of a free state into a battle which didn’t allow much freedom within the nation.Because of disagreements about the treaty of Ireland as a free state, and military response and revenge, the Protestants began to then use military attacks on the Catholics killing 257 of them between July 1920 and July 1922.One of which was the Provisional government in which supported the idea of Ireland as a free state, the other side being the Republicans which oppo...

The Northern Ireland report- our children and Young people, our shared responsibilities (2006) saw the inspection and consequent reform of child protection services and implementation of Regional Safeguarding boards.There are a number of services and resources operating throughout the voluntary and statutory sectors in Northern Ireland and the UK which aim to support problem drinkers and their families.One only has to enter a public house in Northern Ireland on a Friday or Saturday night to observe countless people using alcohol to socialise and drink well above the recommended levels when doing so.However the pertinent deliberation in all family alcohol misuse cases is not to lose sight of the fact that the welfare of the child is param...

The IRA’s main aim was to bring to an end British control over Northern Ireland and to unite all of Ireland while the UVF tried to maintain British dominance of Northern Ireland.From 1921 to the early 1960’s, protestant leaders ruled Northern Ireland both politically and socially.An approached passerby quoted “ a protestant might view the conflict during the Troubles as an attempt to make sure that Northern Ireland remained a part of Great Britain.But finally, after years of seesawing between violence and peace, the Belfast Agreement was signed in 1998 to ensure equality in Northern Ireland.These protests mark the start of the Troubles in Northern Ireland.

Many have argued that the outbreak of the “Troubles” was a result of political changes in Northern Ireland, which led to the Catholic population in the region challenging the state in order to achieve equal political and social rights (Purdie, 1990).The older and deeper roots of the conflict in what was to become Northern Ireland lie in the seventeenth-century plantation of the northern province of Ulster (Hennessey 1997: 1).Resentment of the British Army and the police force in Northern Ireland fuelled the support for the IRA, as they were seen as partisan entities being used to oppress nationalists (Tonge 2006: 2).For pessimists, the fragility of peace in Northern Ireland indicates that there is little prospect of settling the conflict...

For the first time it accepted the ‘principle of consent’, that Northern Ireland should remain part of the United Kingdom while a majority there wished it.Timeline in Northern Ireland.Invoking its powers under the Government of Ireland Act, the London parliament abolished the Northern Ireland government in March 1972.The Catholics then look up to the army as their protector from the Northern Ireland state and the repressive majorities of population.By 1972 it was clear that the local Northern Ireland government, having introduced internment in 1971 as a last attempt to impose control, was unable to handle the situation.

UK’s main targets are to increase number of people in higher education by 50% for 18-30 alongside to cut down on the number of people who don’t complete their education.For there to be 1 million adults in the workforce with level 2 qualification between 2003-2006. .The figures don’t show how many entered employment as a result of completing the 50 weeks on New Deal, as an estimate from the attached figures only 159 out of 657 entered employment as a result of completing course with New Deal.25 million adults between 2001-2010.I will be looking at what measures should be taken to tackle why UK isn’t meeting its own target already set of 80% of population being in employment, looking at New Deal as the main force in getting people equipp...

The district and the session courts consist of the lowest level of courts and are also known as trial courts and it applies both federal and state laws.Indian legal system is mostly based on the English common law and statutory law, and most of the state and the territorial law are based on English common law.The President of India is the Head of the State and the Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces [29].The union of Great Britain and Ireland established United Kingdom in 1801, and it attains its present form in 1922 with the partition of Ireland and thus the independent Irish Free State has been established.Subordinate legislation is made under the authority s assigned either by the parliament or state or union territory legislatures...

For Ireland to then ‘isolate’ herself would create little incentive for such support, as well as being the least effective method for fast economic growth.The book gives some good factual and ideological knowledge on the situation in Northern Ireland, even though it was written in 1988.His view is that the six counties in Northern Ireland should be allowed complete self-determination, which in turn would lead to a unified Irish island.However, because of the British interests in Northern Ireland, this has been prevented both through military means as well as political veto.I believe that if or when Ireland becomes united, it will be through the support of other countries.

The Article 8 European Convention of Human Rights offers, “… protection for a person’s private and family life, home and correspondence from arbitrary interference by the State,” (www.yourrights.org).Joint working protocols exist between the PSNI and workers in Northern Ireland.The new Government have warned of social welfare cut backs; the worker has to balance the needs of the family against available scarce recourses.Empowerment is about actively finding ways that the victim can make use of intervention to help themselves move towards the survivor role and care and their children without the support of the state.Family Homes and DV (Northern Ireland) Order 1998,Article 29 gives courts the power to remove an suspected abuser from the...

The above Armistice recognised the Free State of Republic of Ireland and continuation of the Northern part of Ireland as a part of United Kingdom.Majority of the southern part of Ireland are Catholics and the majority of the Northern part of Ireland is Protestants, thus, these religious differences since the Romans occupation in 1169 created conflict between Irish people in North and south of country.One of the main factors which encouraged the division of the Ireland and separated Ireland to the Northern Ireland and Republic of Ireland was religion.The Good Friday Agreement in 1998, transferred the below matters to the Northern Ireland: .In March 2010 the Hillsborough Agreement, transferred the power of policing and justice to the North...

.. Grant maintained integrated schools are the least common type of schools in Northern Ireland.As such, we can conclude that the education system in Northern Ireland is largely affected by the internal conflict between the Protestants and Catholics.Also, as the Protestants are the majority in Northern Ireland, they are able to hold better jobs and are better off than the Catholics in general.The main purpose of schools in Northern Ireland was teach the students about the internal conflict, hence the students were unable to do well academically as there was not much focus on the main subjects like mathematics and science.Integrated schools are almost non-existent in Northern Ireland as they make up a very small percentage of schools in ...

They also brought peace to Northern Ireland and took away a lot of the tension between parties, and established strong links between Northern Ireland and Eire allowing both peaceful communication and Eire’s opinions and inputs.This would in theory of had a calming effect, the Republic was in a state of peace, the thoughts of Eire would help restore order to Northern Ireland.The “troubles” in Northern Ireland is a term used to describe the latest periods of violence involving Republican and Loyalist paramilitary organizations, the Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC), the British Army and others in Northern Ireland from the late 1960s until the Belfast Agreement (or Good Friday Agreement) of 10th April 1998.Margret Thatcher thought the only wa...

5, Gillian McIntosh, The Force of Culture: Unionist Identities in Twentieth-century Ireland (Cork: Cork University Press, 1999), 6-68 6, Bryan A. Follis, A State under Siege: The Establishment of Northern Ireland, 1920-1925 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1995).8, Paul Dixon, Northern Ireland: The Politics of War and Peace (Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2001), 47-66: Marc Mulholland, Northern Ireland at the Crossroads: Ulster Unionism in the O'Neill Years, 1960-9 (Houndmills: Macmillan Press, 2000): G.K. Peatling, The Failure of the Northern Ireland Peace Process (Dublin: Irish Academic Press, 2004, 36-48 9, David Garland, Punishment and Modern Society: A Study in Social Theory (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1990), 170.Devine, The Scottish Nation, 1700-20...

In conclusion, I believe throughout my own experiences over the past two years, alongside the permanent implementation of play within our Northern Ireland Curriculum, I believe play is an efficient, effective and inspirational way for children to access the curriculum and therefore, effectively learn.Play is a significant part of the early years foundation stage in northern Ireland as it allows younger children to access the curriculum in an age appropriate manner, throughout a variety of play contexts.The Foundation Stage in education located in Northern Ireland includes the first two years of compulsory education, which is primary one and primary two classes ranging from the ages of 4 years to 6 years old.Play is implemented within the...

I think that there might not be a solution because of the government even though they are only trying to help Ireland but if only the people were to have a say then their might be a solution out there and people themselves maybe willing to come together and live as one Irish State.My solution to the problem would be to try and separate Ireland into two countries Northern Ireland being for the loyalist and they would be ruled from England.Northern Ireland is economically stronger there are not enough jobs in Ireland and many people end up on the dole and live in council accommodation.This means that Ireland could have a power sharing government, which enables both unionists and nationalists to share the Parliament in Northern Ireland.Geog...

The Provisional Irish Republican Army (PIRA), which is also known as the Irish Republican Army (or IRA) was believed to have been founded in December 1969, when the IRA Army Council voted to recognize the parliaments of Northern Ireland, the Republic of Ireland, and the United Kingdom.The Dynamics of Conflict in Northern Ireland: Power, Conflict and Emancipation.WHO’S WHO IN THE NORTHERN IRELAND CONFLICT In addition to the people previously mentioned, the “Who’s Who in the Northern Ireland Conflict” should include IRA member Bobby Sands.The Republic of Ireland Act of 1948 was legislation which declared that the official description for the State of Ireland shall be the “Republic of Ireland” (irishstatutebook.ie: 2007).A HISTORY OF CONFLI...

There was a guerrilla campaign by the IRA and the Irish political party Sinn Fein, which led to Ireland being sectioned off into the six areas of Northern Ireland, and the twenty six of the rest of Ireland.Such examples of this is setting a bomb off at the Houses of Parliament in 1974, the murder of Airey Neave, who was the Shadow Secretary of State for Northern Ireland, set to become the actual Secretary of State in the upcoming election, blowing up a coach full of army personnel and the Brighton Hotel bombing, which involved the attempted murder of Margaret Thatcher, which failed, along with members of the cabinet.Garrett, J, (1971-1980) Ten Years of British Troops in Northern Ireland, , Vol.Guelke, A, , Chapter “Loyalist and Republi...

Ireland revoking its constitutional claim over Northern Ireland and recognising "a shared territory" where the people choose its future.Northern Ireland - Conflict and Change (London: Prentice Hall Europe, 1998) Toolis, Kevin.The main purpose of the agreement was to provide Catholics in Northern Ireland with greater equality and the way to achieve this was to establish a cross-community executive and Council of Ireland.It resembled events in early 2000, when Peter Mandelson, then Secretary of State for Northern Ireland, had to suspend the Northern Ireland Assembly in order to prevent Trimble from resigning.Yet, the Agreement was passed through both Westminster and the Irish Parliament, and, in short, brought forth these changes: "First, ...