According to Hall 1992 (Hall 1992b), Howard argued that a new type of garden-city settlement could uniquely combine all the advantages of the town such as employment and access to services, as well as the advantages of country life, without any of the disadvantages of either.Howard proposed the development of numerous Garden Cities, each with 30,000 inhabitants.Despite wide support from planners of the time, only two attempts were made at garden cities, Letchworth in 1903 and Welywyn in 1920, both of which never fully realized the goals of the movement.The higher living standards and economic prosperity this created lead to planning philosophy changing its focus from providing housing and improving cities to beautifying them (Bluestone M...
1273 words (3.2 pages)
An example of the scheme includes the present day flats and maisonettes that sit on the piece of land bounded by Bernard Street, Broad Street, Duke Street, as well as Old Street and Bard Street.The plan was to take place in the areas within the city centre, as well as the industrial areas in order to retain the city’s initial population figure.The population pressure led to a deterioration of the existing housing conditions, particularly the sanitary provisions as well as the general health situation.In 1935, John Rennie made further Representations to the council, which would later influence the reconstructions of properties on Long Henry Street, South Street, Colliers Row, Stafford Street, Lord Street, Hague Lane, Anson Street, as well...
2853 words (7.1 pages)
With most planners designing cities in ways that cannot be expansive to accommodate new population, the ideas of the early cities in Italy can be of great importance to solve the rising congestion and slum development in key cities of the world.Even though the early inhabitants in Perugia and Siena faced numerous difficulties given the congestion of the two Italian cities, the cities remained symbolic in offering lessons to present designers on a sustainable community (Italian Cities 2006).Tibbalds, F 2001, Making people-friendly towns improving the public environment in towns and cities, E & FN Spon Press, London.The medieval pattern involved construction car parks in improving orderliness in the planned environment.After Industrial Rev...
2433 words (6.1 pages)
There are threats to the fabric and character of the World Heritage Site and its setting, and uncontrolled or inappropriate change in these areas can become a threat to the very values for which Bath is inscribed as a World Heritage Site.To address those threats and vulnerabilities, incorporating opportunities, The B&NES and English Heritage prepared a World Heritage Site Management Plan for the City of Bath for the period of 2003-2009.The Former Bath City Council prepared Local plan as a Statutory Local plan in accordance with the Town and Country Planning Act 1990, as amended by the Planning and Compensation Act 1991.Bath and North East Somerset Council adopted this Plan on 20th June 1996 and it now forms part of the statutory Deve...
2703 words (6.8 pages)
Citizen organizations and municipal officials in cities and towns around the world have recently started experimenting on this eco-city concept to meet the social and environmental challenges (Roseland 1997, 1998).In spite of setback for some project, eco-city has will be main driving force for today cities and tomorrow cities.Curitiba, a small Brazilian city, is one of the most sustainable cities in the world.Planning completely new cities is expensive, and it is not possible to build all new cities.However, we can strive to improve existing cities when there is an abundance of already established cities and urban areas.
2430 words (6.1 pages)
The transport system is also well developed with a network of trains, buses and subways linked to other sides of Rio where other events are going to take place.The poverty surrounding the city was also highlighted as land slides in shanty towns killed and injured dozen of people, as well as interrupting several activities during two whole days.The UPP would greatly help the city in the developing process for hosting the Olympic Games as studies made reveal that if every slum in the city is occupied by the government, an increase in 20% of the PIB (sum of financial production) which would represent 38 billions reais for the development of the city as well as an decrease of about 80% of criminality.On the contrary of some people may think,...
3482 words (8.7 pages)
The city has been planned carefully to take full advantage of the pleasant seaside, with similar buildings close to each other.The city is well planned, with activities to suit people of all ages, sexes and interests.This is designed to give an optical illusion, an example of the second style popular in 90-10 BCE.People of Pompeii The people of Pompeii can be considered to be one of the most law abiding citizen of the Roman world.The House of the Centenary has a fabulous white room, entirely covered in a delicate leaf pattern, an example of the fourth style in 55-79 ACE.
419 words (1.0 pages)
“First imagine, either in Paris or in London, the most magnificent reward promised for the plan of a model city, a large open competition, and a large committee of painters, sculptors, scholars, travelers, who bring together plans or descriptions of all known cities, who collect the opinions and ideas of the entire population and even foreigners, who discuss all the disadvantages and advantages of existing cities and the projects presented, and who choose among thousands of model plans the most perfect model plan.According to Aristotle, Hippodamos is in search of the ideal city in the sense that the organization of urban space applies to translate the organization of the ideal republic, and he is attributed the checkerboard plan of Pirae...
3497 words (8.7 pages)
It took well over 70 years and another huge fire, on 12 July 1212.It introduced the idea of the commission designing cityscape as well as commission to approve location and shape, as well as materials used in new buildings.In effect ‘legislations’ as well as methods to abide them were introduced.It’s necessary to increase the amount of public transport used, as well as increase amount of playgrounds.The new law formed the guide on how to plan cities and how to build safely.
1849 words (4.6 pages)
These businesses provide a well balance economic feasibility to its owners that will maintain the building in the next decades to come.It is having spent well your money and enjoying it at the same time.Despite of the complexity of the wide variations of uses, order and security are well maintained from the grounds to the bottom of the edifice.Though a well thought marketing strategy is important for the economic sustainability of a structure or buildings, it is worthy thinking about in terms of promoting an ecologically balance man built environs at the same time.Since it is a man made structure, it may not answer all the changing needs of people, for instance mechanically dependent buildings cannot perform well without the mechanical m...
2507 words (6.3 pages)
Europa World Year Book 2, Book 2.There is has also been planned use of different infrastructural systems (Yasser 2008).With well planned structures, the city is divided into districts which make administrative work easier.World and Its Peoples: The Middle East, Western Asia, and Northern Africa.In a similar manner, the way in which a city is planned will affect the social development of the city because population demographics such as density and distributions are largely the result of the plan of the city.
1376 words (3.4 pages)
The event manager must carry out a detailed site survey through the incorporation of a range of skilled technical surveyors and advisors, this site survey must take into close consideration the micro-environmental and macro-environmental nature of the sire as well as the potential micro-environmental and macro-environmental impact of any proposed work on the site in the creation of the project.The 2002 Manchester Commonwealth games enabled the building of a range of purpose built world class sporting facilitates and the Games overall aided the bolstering of the cities international reputation; as Sebastian Coe, Chairman of the London Organising Committee for the Olympic Games has put it: “East Manchester provides a template of excellence...
2230 words (5.6 pages)
Diefendorf cites none of either the old or the new urban sociology, no urban politics, no social history to explain reactions to central planning, and no urban economics—nothing on the forces shaping cities worldwide in the postwar era.Though reconstruction efforts continued well into the 1960s (and some even to the present day), Diefendorf argues that by the late 1950s the explicit reconstruction of bombed cities gave way to a broader process of growth and modernization.Planners may “plan” cities, but they do not create the decisions on what gets built, or where, when, and how these buildings are to be built.These things, on a larger perspective, prove to be huge hindrances to the restoration of the integrity of the country as well as f...
3254 words (8.1 pages)
In contrast to what happened to the buildings from World fairs of Seville and Lisbon, as well as the buildings from the Olympic Games from Sydney, it would appear, that there are only a few that are not being used.During the candidature process, (2) some required structures (‘compulsory measures’) as well as some ‘optional measures’ will be provided.Figure xxx: Process of building up planned event legacy.On a phone call between the author of this paper and Dr. Dirk Weiss {2} ‘Mega-events like Olympic Games, FIFA World Cup and world fairs have evolved over the last century and developed into an essential element of modern society.It is clear that planning for long-term use is an element that needs to be well integrated into the planning f...
3816 words (9.5 pages)
Measure more cities with different urban patterns and cities of different sizes to determine the statistical relationship between density gradient, urban pattern and transportation networks.Requirements for Rational Comprehensive Planning are it assumes that decision makers have well defined problem, full array of alternatives to consider, they are well informed, they have full information about the consequences of each alternative, and they are well equipped with resources and skills.The sudden tidal wave of auto mobility swept over cities throughout the 1920s.”2 As result of this suddenly, suburbs began to grow at a much faster rate than cities.The community agreed that new parking was necessary, but the design and location of the faci...
4929 words (12.3 pages)
For all phases of HC initiative, member cities have had to demonstrate: (i) a political commitment to Health for All and the Healthy Cities vision; (ii) that they have adequate resources to employ a full-time initiative coordinator and support staff in a HC office; and (iii) commitment to specific objectives leading to development of local health policies (De Leeuw, 2001).These documents were important steps towards establishing the holistic and multifaceted approach embodied by Healthy Settings programmes, as well as towards the integration of health promotion and sustainable development.In the early stages of the Healthy Cities approach, 11 key parameters were identified for healthy cities, communities, and towns (Hancock and Duhl 1988...
2609 words (6.5 pages)
As a result of various plans and experiences, the Marmara Region Development Plan, Urbanization Policy and Istanbul Metropolitan Field Plan were certified in 1980(Keskin & Diren,1994).In t he applications of plans until 1958, the plan of Istanbul was prepared around the existing historical city centre.As well as the Southern and Aegean coasts, the high potential of the Eastern Black Sea, East and South-East Anatolian regions of the country are developed and promoted according to these new policies (Dinçer & Istanbullu Dinçer, 1999).Therefore, Turkey is normally well known in sun-sea-sand holiday trips and this is the main reason for being in world toursim market.But after the revision of this plan, its integrity had been altered....
1083 words (2.7 pages)
It doesn’t have to be comfortable in general, and it doesn’t have to be empty or not crowded either.This makes major countries and cities all over the world reach its peak.People all over the world yearn for their own secure place to call home.In lots of aspects like economy, social, and housing, it affects the level of comfort.The key issues which need to be considered to make cities better to live in for the future are mainly the uneven human population distribution and city planning.
809 words (2.0 pages)
In creating a business continuity plan it is important to identify the resources to insure the effectiveness of the business continuity plan.With the City of Kelsey still dependent of the land for the growth of the organic gardens and orchards for the fruits and vegetables the local farmers grow, further emphases with the need for having the resources to use the business continuity plan.Some of the external influences are local law enforcement and the World Bank, each of which have a different role.One important resource is establishing a plan to communicate with the employees and the customers in the case of a disaster.A Guide to Business Continuity Planning (1st ed.).
942 words (2.4 pages)
Barcelona has such a well-organized, logical setup for its infrastructure throughout the city, making the city once again a prototype for urban design which other cities have proposed to duplicate.For that reason, the Barcelona model had planned for inevitable expansion of the city.Many other cities around the world would benefit from examining Barcelona’s infrastructure design, which is frequently being revamped to keep up with the changes brought about by globalization and the needs of the people.Without the benefit of globalization that has changed Barcelona’s reputation from a run-down port town to a innovative model for designing and renovating cities, projects such as [email protected] Barcelona would be inconceivable and difficu...
2148 words (5.4 pages)
Although it was a considerable shift away from the traditional, it was well received, however ultimately unrealised in their generation.Their success as provocative tools is heavily indebted to their visual strength, which conveys the thought process, as well as their outcome, or what may be called the design solution.South City is an even more extreme option that does not have the sentimental value of Point City, as it involves the destruction of the Randstad cities.This highlights one of the main concerns that OMA has; that the population of the Randstad has been gradually migrating from its biggest cities to the rest of the country.In reviews of Koolhaas’s work, the project is mentioned briefly in relation to other more well known wor...
5108 words (12.8 pages)
RAJUK keeps eye on the total planning of the city and they are working on building a well planned housing system in the city.Are most of the houses in your area are planned?These buildings should be demolished and replaced by new planned ones.Many ancient cities like Rome or Baghdad had well planned housing system.Questionnaire Analysis A questionnaire of 10 Questions used among 30 people revealed following information: Table 1: Questionnaire Analysis Area| Population Type| Housing System| Government steps| Problems in Future| Mohammadpur| Dense| Unplanned| Absent| May increase| Katabon| Medium| Semi-Planned| Absent| May be same| Kollyanpur| Dense| Unplanned| Absent| May increase| Mirpur| Dense| Unplanned| Absent| May increase| Shakhari ...
2895 words (7.2 pages)
The World Bank Research Observer, 17(1), 89-112. .Smart cities: big data, civic hackers, and the quest for a new utopia.The city is planned very effectively in such a way that the transport systems are effective and diverse comprising of a South Eastern Freeway, Southern Express Way, the Port River Expressway and the Northern Expressway.As a result, they have over 3 million trees within the city and a few parks and squares with a lot of trees as well.This paper compares these two cities in order to establish what manila can learn from Adelaide.
926 words (2.3 pages)
More than 20 huge cities (with over than 10 million inhabitants) around the world were identified; three of the cities, Mumbai, Delhi and Kolkatta, were on the Indian subcontinent.Economic measures related to climate change would be the enhancement of financial (the one which allows productive activities to get going)and social (shared values and mutual understanding) capital by reducing the travel time and distance, congestion, emmisions, industrial pollution and the promotion of sustainable technology (environmental measures as well).b) Water supply: Common water posts are provided as the water in cities is inequitable.Also as the 70% of the population is using coal as cooking fuel, it is subsequently one of the most polluted cities in...
2018 words (5.0 pages)
However, in this paper much link will be given to social change in cities being a result of the spatial structuring plan of the cities’ urban planners.It can be said that for Jane Jacob, the “unnaturalness” of cities and the “naturalness” of the suburban can be compliments of each other; highly dependent on what she primarily established- balanced planning (Rybczynski n.pag.).He used historical accounting to draw out a vivid illustration of the evolution of urban planning as well as the reasons for the changes that occurred during those times.Witold Rybczynski on the Four Paradigms of American Cities.Her strong focus on the needed balance for city and urban planning is the direct clashing point in terms of her rejection of the notion tha...
2052 words (5.1 pages)
infrastructure investment, especially improved transport links (as well as .necessary in a city well known for congestion problems ..• Transportation: road, rail, tram, air and various interconnections, as well as policy and planning on parking, pedestrianisation and “modal shift”.Observers of host cities in the aftermath of the Olympiad are well used to noting the “white elephants”, the most common characterisation of infrastructure .of polluted rubbish dumps, as well as 600 ha.
4354 words (10.9 pages)
The plan is to develop the city until 2032.“• A phasing plan for urban development based on realistic growth projections.The banking system must be connected to world class financial institutions and build trustful relation with investors and business men/women.Tourism is considered as of the fastest and biggest growing industries in the world.It is also needed for the Dohuk city to have a proper business plan for any sector of tourism, Explains purpose of the business, name, location, personnel needs, tourism business management staff, market sector, competition, marketing plan and financial projections (Business, 2014).
1593 words (4.0 pages)
116) writes that urban degradation is a result of the rapid growth in urban population and industrialization which causes many negative impacts on the urban landscapes and living quality of cities, such as poor quality housing, inadequate infrastructure and industrial pollution.Simultaneously, some factors seriously affect the environment as well as the balance of nature.There are many requirements for the expanding urban areas, rising food, water and infrastructure quality as well as offering more jobs.In urbanized cities, air and water pollution is mainly emitted through industrial activities, especially from the production of electricity generated by fossil fuels.As an illustration, Figure 3 shows an example of land use plan which res...
1345 words (3.4 pages)
The “powerless” that Arnstein refers to in her article seem to be the planners as well as the majority of residents in Riyadh in this particular plan.It appears that rational planning would only be effective in regards to public policy if it acquired use of other theories as well as politicization.They were also sent to a total of eight cities and spent two weeks in each city in order to evaluate their light rail systems.In fact, public policy is hardly ever implemented due to planning authority alone; it relies on other actors to support the decision as well.The team had planned to complete the five steps of rational planning from the beginning of the project.
4775 words (11.9 pages)
An example of which is to provide examples of other developed tourism enhanced cities within the state or within the country where its people are helping in the beautification process.It is obvious that a series of developments have been made within the City for the benefit of its inhabitants within the vicinity under its jurisdiction and its competitiveness within the external and internal demands of the state as well, and one of the major departments which contribute much in the development of a certain government is the responsibility and task taken by the Budget Office.If the citizens themselves would help instead of giving a piece of burden to the government, then it shall be taken to assumption that the government will be able to s...
2469 words (6.2 pages)